bonza The backend development engineers

React Hooks 系列之8 custom Hook

2020-05-27
HyG
JavaScript
 
本文 8650 字，阅读全文约需 25 分钟

掌握 React Hooks api 将更好的帮助你在工作中使用，对 React 的掌握更上一层楼。本系列将使用大量实例代码和效果展示，非常易于初学者和复习使用。

截至目前，学习了官方的这么多 hooks api，我们也可以创造一些自己的 hooks，甚至官方也在鼓励开发者将组件逻辑抽象到自定义 hooks 中，方便复用。

自定义 Hook 是一个函数，其名称以 “use” 开头，函数内部可以调用其他的 Hook。

通过自定义 Hook，可以将组件逻辑提取到可重用的函数中。

useDocumentTitle 示例

function 普通写法

我们想创建一个计数器，计数器的值改变后，希望改变页面的 Title

DocTitleOne.tsx

import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react'

function DocTitleOne() {
  const [count, setCount] = useState(0)
  useEffect(() => {
    document.title = `Count - ${count}`
  }, [count])
  return (
    <div>
      <button
        onClick={() => {
          setCount(count + 1)
        }}
      >Count - {count}</button>
    </div>
  )
}

export default DocTitleOne

App.tsx

import React from 'react'
import './App.css'

import DocTitleOne from './components/31DocTitleOne'

const App = () => {
  return (
    <div className="App">
      <DocTitleOne />
    </div>
  )
}

export default App

页面展示如下

运行没有问题，接下来又有一个需求的增量，就是页面要在另一个组件中也能改变页面的 Title，接下来我们创建一个新的组件。

DocTitleTwo.tsx

import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react'

function DocTitleTwo() {
  const [count, setCount] = useState(0)
  useEffect(() => {
    document.title = `Count - ${count}`
  }, [count])
  return (
    <div>
      <button
        onClick={() => {
          setCount(count + 1)
        }}
      >Count - {count}</button>
    </div>
  )
}

export default DocTitleTwo

App.tsx

import React from 'react'
import './App.css'

import DocTitleOne from './components/31DocTitleOne'
import DocTitleTwo from './components/31DocTitleTwo'

const App = () => {
  return (
    <div className="App">
      <DocTitleOne />
      <DocTitleTwo />
    </div>
  )
}

export default App

页面展示如下

回顾代码，DocTitleTwo 显然重复了 DocTitleOne 的代码，设想一下如果有 10 个组件都要修改页面 title 的话，你肯定不想重复这些代码。这时就需要自定义 Hook 了。

这个示例中，我们可以创建一个自定义 Hook 来设置页面的 title。然后使用这个自定义 Hook 在不同的组件中。

抽象出 useDocumentTitle hook

useDocumentTitle.tsx

import { useEffect } from 'react'

function useDocumentTitle(count: number) {
  useEffect(() => {
    document.title = `Count - ${count}`
  }, [count])
}

export default useDocumentTitle

DocTitleOne.tsx

import React, { useState } from 'react'
import useDocumentTitle from './hooks/useDocumentTitle'

function DocTitleOne() {
  const [count, setCount] = useState(0)
  useDocumentTitle(count)
  return (
    <div>
      <button
        onClick={() => {
          setCount(count + 1)
        }}
      >Count - {count}</button>
    </div>
  )
}

export default DocTitleOne

DocTitleTwo.tsx

import React, { useState } from 'react'
import useDocumentTitle from './hooks/useDocumentTitle'

function DocTitleTwo() {
  const [count, setCount] = useState(0)
  useDocumentTitle(count)
  return (
    <div>
      <button
        onClick={() => {
          setCount(count + 1)
        }}
      >Count - {count}</button>
    </div>
  )
}

export default DocTitleTwo

App.tsx

import React from 'react'
import './App.css'

import DocTitleOne from './components/31DocTitleOne'
import DocTitleTwo from './components/31DocTitleTwo'

const App = () => {
  return (
    <div className="App">
      <DocTitleOne />
      <DocTitleTwo />
    </div>
  )
}

export default App

页面展示如下

我们回顾一下代码

在 DocTitleOne 中，引入了我们定义的 useDocumentTitle，传入了 count 这个状态的值。useDocumentTitle 中执行代码，将页面title 初始值设置为 0，然后继续渲染 DocTitleOne jsx 部分。点击按钮时，count 变为 1，触发了 DocTitleOne 的 rerender，useDocumentTitle 中入参也变为了 1，将页面 title 变为 1。

useCounter 示例

冗余的写法

CounterOne.tsx

import React, {useState} from 'react'

function CounterOne() {
  const [count, setCount] = useState(0)
  const increment = () => {
    setCount(prevCount => prevCount + 1)
  }
  const decrement = () => {
    setCount(prevCount => prevCount - 1)
  }
  const reset = () => {
    setCount(0)
  }
  return (
    <div>
      <h2>Count - {count}</h2>
      <button onClick={increment}>increment</button>
      <button onClick={decrement}>decrement</button>
      <button onClick={reset}>reset</button>
    </div>
  )
}

export default CounterOne

CounterTwo.tsx

import React, {useState} from 'react'

function CounterTwo() {
  const [count, setCount] = useState(0)
  const increment = () => {
    setCount(prevCount => prevCount + 1)
  }
  const decrement = () => {
    setCount(prevCount => prevCount - 1)
  }
  const reset = () => {
    setCount(0)
  }
  return (
    <div>
      <h2>Count - {count}</h2>
      <button onClick={increment}>increment</button>
      <button onClick={decrement}>decrement</button>
      <button onClick={reset}>reset</button>
    </div>
  )
}

export default CounterTwo

App.tsx

import React from 'react'
import './App.css'
import CounterOne from './components/32CounterOne'
import CounterTwo from './components/32CounterTwo'

const App = () => {
  return (
    <div className="App">
      <CounterOne />
      <CounterTwo />
    </div>
  )
}

export default App

页面展示如下

相同的问题，我们有大量重复代码，接下来我们来看如何使用自定义 hook 来进行优化。

useCounter 抽象

useCounter.tsx

import { useState } from 'react'

function useCounter() {
  const [count, setCount] = useState(0)
  const increment = () => {
    setCount(prevCount => prevCount + 1)
  }
  const decrement = () => {
    setCount(prevCount => prevCount - 1)
  }
  const reset = () => {
    setCount(0)
  }
  return [count, increment, decrement, reset]
}

export default useCounter

CounterOne.tsx

import React from 'react'
import useCounter from './hooks/useCounter'

function CounterOne() {
  const [count, increment, decrement, reset] = useCounter()
  return (
    <div>
      <h2>Count - {count}</h2>
      <button onClick={increment}>increment</button>
      <button onClick={decrement}>decrement</button>
      <button onClick={reset}>reset</button>
    </div>
  )
}

export default CounterOne

CounterTwo.tsx

import React from 'react'
import useCounter from './hooks/useCounter'

function CounterTwo() {
  const [count, increment, decrement, reset] = useCounter()
  return (
    <div>
      <h2>Count - {count}</h2>
      <button onClick={increment}>increment</button>
      <button onClick={decrement}>decrement</button>
      <button onClick={reset}>reset</button>
    </div>
  )
}

export default CounterTwo

App.tsx

import React from 'react'
import './App.css'
import CounterOne from './components/32CounterOne'
import CounterTwo from './components/32CounterTwo'

const App = () => {
  return (
    <div className="App">
      <CounterOne />
      <CounterTwo />
    </div>
  )
}

export default App

页面展示依然如下

可以看到目前我们的代码结构就比较好了，我们还可以在 useCounter 中给 counter 设置初始值，如下

useCounter.tsx

import { useState } from 'react'

function useCounter(initialValue = 0) {
  const [count, setCount] = useState(initialValue)
  const increment = () => {
    setCount(prevCount => prevCount + 1)
  }
  const decrement = () => {
    setCount(prevCount => prevCount - 1)
  }
  const reset = () => {
    setCount(initialValue)
  }
  return [count, increment, decrement, reset]
}

export default useCounter

使用时，对应的可以传入初始值

const [count, increment, decrement, reset] = useCounter(10)

我们还可以修改每次增加或减少的数字，如下

import { useState } from 'react'

function useCounter(initialValue = 0, value = 1) {
  const [count, setCount] = useState(initialValue)
  const increment = () => {
    setCount(prevCount => prevCount + value)
  }
  const decrement = () => {
    setCount(prevCount => prevCount - value)
  }
  const reset = () => {
    setCount(initialValue)
  }
  return [count, increment, decrement, reset]
}

export default useCounter

使用时，对应的也可以增加入参

const [count, increment, decrement, reset] = useCounter(10, 5)

useInput 示例

示例是一个简单表单，用户可以填写姓名

function 普通写法

UserForm.tsx

import React, { useState, FormEvent } from 'react'

function UserForm() {
  const [firstName, setFirstName] = useState('')
  const [lastName, setLastName] = useState('')
  const submitHandler = (e: FormEvent) => {
    e.preventDefault()
    console.log(`Hello ${firstName} ${lastName}`)
  }
  return (
    <div>
      <form onSubmit={submitHandler}>
        <div>
          <label htmlFor="">First name</label>
          <input
            type="text"
            value={firstName}
            onChange={(e) => {
              setFirstName(e.target.value)
            }}
          />
        </div>
        <div>
          <label htmlFor="">Last name</label>
          <input
            type="text"
            value={lastName}
            onChange={(e) => {
              setLastName(e.target.value)
            }}
          />
        </div>
        <button>submit</button>
      </form>
    </div>
  )
}

export default UserForm

App.tsx

import React from 'react'
import './App.css'

import UserForm from './components/33UserForm'

const App = () => {
  return (
    <div className="App">
      <UserForm />
    </div>
  )
}

export default App

抽象出 useInput hook

useInput.tsx

import { useState } from 'react'

function useInput(initialValue: string) {
  const [value, setValue] = useState(initialValue)
  const reset = () => {
    setValue(initialValue)
  }
  const bind = {
    value,
    onChange(e: any) {
      setValue(e.target.value)
    }
  }
  return [value, bind, reset]
}

export default useInput

UserForm.tsx

import React, { FormEvent } from 'react'
import useInput from './hooks/useInput'

function UserForm() {

  const [firstName, bindFirstName, resetFirstName] = useInput('')
  const [lastName, bindLastName, resetLastName] = useInput('')

  const submitHandler = (e: FormEvent) => {
    e.preventDefault()
    console.log(`Hello ${firstName} ${lastName}`)
    // @ts-ignore
    resetFirstName()
    // @ts-ignore
    resetLastName()
  }
  return (
    <div>
      <form onSubmit={submitHandler}>
        <div>
          <label htmlFor="">First name</label>
          <input
            type="text"
            {...bindFirstName}
          />
        </div>
        <div>
          <label htmlFor="">Last name</label>
          <input
            type="text"
            {...bindLastName}
          />
        </div>
        <button>submit</button>
      </form>
    </div>
  )
}

export default UserForm

页面展示

小结

本章我们主要学习了自定义 Hook，举了 3 个例子，帮助我们学习抽象与复用代码。社区上还有很多人写了自己的自定义 Hook，大家也可以前去学习。也鼓励大家创造一些自己的自定义 Hook。

至此，本系列完结。祝一切顺利，大家都能学到东西。

原文地址 https://blog.bonza.cn/2020/05/27/react-hooks8-customHooks/

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